Based on the influence of surface metal materials on electric field, a terahertz metamaterial absorber with a highly symmetrical open box was designed. Aiming at the traditional square ring absorber, the absorber is made of three open square rings and a pair of symmetrical strips of silicon. Starting from the structure and material of the absorber, the absorption rate of the absorber to the three-frequency band wave is regulated by changing the size of the surface metal ring, changing the thickness of the dielectric layer, changing the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer material, and adjusting the conductivity of the silicon material after the addition of semiconductor silicon. When no semiconductor silicon is added, the absorption rate of the absorber in the low frequency band reaches 94.77% and the absorption frequency band is 0.73thz. By increasing the thickness of dielectric layer, the phenomenon of redshift is obvious, which can realize the purpose of continuous frequency band absorption. By adding the silicon strip with symmetrical structure and changing the conductivity comparison, it is found that it can close the absorption peak in the high frequency band, reducing the absorption rate to less than %, and at the same time affecting the absorption rate of the low frequency band.
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