This paper studies the three-dimensional coverage of an underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) consisting of anchored nodes. As anchored nodes are first randomly deployed on the ocean surface and can only move in the z-axis direction, we propose a two-stage node selection and sinking scheme to maximize the network coverage. In the first stage, we adopt a minimum cost perfect matching of a weighted complete bipartite graph to select the optimal sinking nodes to ideal pattern locations. After the first stage, some coverage holes may exist due to the limited mobility of anchored nodes. In the second stage, we then propose a coverage hole and repairing algorithm based on the three-dimensional Voronoi diagram and a clustering algorithm to further sink the remaining nodes. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and it can achieve higher coverage ratio with the same number of nodes, compared with an existing peer algorithm.
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