A New Instrumented Becker Penetration Test (iBPT) for Improved Characterization of Gravelly Deposits Within and Underlying Dams

摘要

Until the early 1980s liquefaction had traditionally been associated with sands, and gravelly soils were considered immune to liquefaction due to their higher hydraulic conductivity. This view began to change with widespread liquefaction being observed in gravelly soils around the world in the past 30 years (e.g. 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho and 2008 Wenchuan, China).