Nonlinear Adaptive Control for Intensive Care Unit Sedation and Operating Room Hypnosis

摘要

The potential clinical applications of adaptive control for pharmacology in general, and anesthesia and critical care unit medicine in particular, are clearly apparent. Specifically, monitoring and controlling the depth of anesthesia in surgery is of particular importance. Nonnegative and compartmental models provide a broad framework for biological and physiological systems, including clinical pharmacology, and are well suited for developing models for closed-loop control of drug administration. In this paper, we develop a direct adaptive control framework for nonlinear uncertain nonnegative and compartmental systems. The proposed framework is Lyapunov-based and guarantees partial asymptotic set-point regulation; that is, asymptotic set-point regulation with respect to part of the closed-loop system states associated with the plant. In addition, the adaptive controller guarantees that the physical system states remain in the nonnegative orthant of the state space. Finally, a numerical example involving the infusion of the anesthetic drug midazolam for maintaining a desired constant level of depth of anesthesia for noncardiac surgery is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.