By employing theory of PAM (pulse-amplitude-modulation), Buck converter (DC-/DC) have been modeled in this paper. The main contributions are as the fallowings: (1) A DC transformer model has been proposed to analysis of the voltage gain, efficiency and some steady-state properties; (2) Two a.c. small signal models have been put forward in order to get the transfer functions of input to output and control to output. These a.c. small signal models play an important role on predicting the dynamic behaviors and designing its control system.
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