COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF AERIAL SPRAYS USED FOR FOREST PROTECTION

摘要

The efficacy of pesticide sprays is strongly dependent on the accuracy of the droplet size spectrum. Over estimates of droplet size may result in excessive drift or ineffective doses, while un-der estimates of droplet size result in excessive releases. This situation is not only bad for the environment; it incurs large op-erating costs (spray usually accounts for 30% of total cost). This paper describes the study of droplet sprays commonly used in the agriculture and forestry management. It combines experimental wind tunnel testing and Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methods to develop a fundamental understanding of droplet gen-eration and dispersion in the wake of the atomizer spray system. The results will assist designers of spray technology and appli-cators in delivering pesticide to its target. The CFD models that are developed and calibrated will further allow the wind tunnel data to be generalized; thus, allowing less wind tunnel testing and eventually direct simulation of droplet dispersion in aircraft wakes.The CFD models are developed for the poly-dispersed sprays released from a Micronair AU4000 atomizer (a stan-dard atomizer used for forest protection) at an airspeed of 67 m/s. Simulations are performed using a Lagrangian (droplet phase) - Eulerian (fluid phase) procedure and include droplet drag/body forces and turbulent dispersion of droplets. The Base-line Reynolds Stress Model (BSL RSM) turbulence model is used to compute turbulence levels in the air phase. The CFD simula-tions include the sprayer and a large portion of the wind tunnel geometry in order to facilitate in validation. The computational results are compared to full scale experimental measurements of pressure, gas phase velocity, droplet velocity, and droplet size spectra measured using Phase Doppler Interferometry (PDI) and Hotwire Anemometry. Measurements are available along radial lines at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 m downstream of the atomizer.