In 1996, Cameron proposed an approach to decompose an arbitrary polarization scattering matrix into three orthogonal components, including nonreciprocal scattering component, maximum symmetric scattering component, and minimum symmetric scattering component. In this paper, based on the analysis of the characteristics of the maximum symmetric scattering component and the minimum symmetric scattering component in Cameron decomposition, a unified three-component scattering model for polarimetric coherent target decomposition is proposed. Pauli decomposition, SDH decomposition and Cameron decomposition can be expressed as a simplified form of the unified model with some certain restriction respectively. In addition, we can prove that SDH decomposition and Cameron decomposition to be equivalent by verification of restrictions consistency.
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