The Future of Residential Lighting: Shift from Incandescent to CFL to LED light sources

摘要

This paper presents a detailed analysis of electrical characteristics of main types of light sources in residential lighting applications. Accurate load models of general incandescent lamps (GILs), compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and light-emitting diode (LED) light sources are presented and discussed first. Afterwards, the paper analyses and compares relevant characteristics of modelled light sources, including their active/reactive/non-active power characteristics, harmonic content and waveform distortion. Significant changes in electrical characteristics of individual and aggregate loads (representing a typical load mix in urban residential areas) due to a shift from GILs to CFLs and LED light sources are discussed next. Finally, the paper presents simple exponential and polynomial/ZIP model interpretations of considered lighting loads, which can be further used in power system studies.