Conversion of a degraded urban area to golf‐school course in central Italy

摘要

Degraded industrial areas cause problems of pollution that are dangerous especially in urban and suburbanareas.The high costs of excavation and removal of contaminated waste materials tend to ensure that these areas are left unattended in many regions of the world, including some in Europe.An illegal dump of such materials was identified in Florence between 1985 and 2000, with wastes from the building industry ( such as bricks, cement components, tails) and the home hardware industry ( mainly old fridges, washing machines, etc.).This degraded area became apparent due to a nearby housing development.Rehabilitated began in 2001 by a private company, and the entire area was converted into a golf‐school course.This was a high cost effective approach with good long term results.The expansion of green areas such as golf courses can help to improve the quality of life in many big cities (Volterrani and Magni, 2004).