VNIPIET projects related to management of spent fuel and radwastes fromdecommissioning of nuclear facilities

摘要

The Nuclear industry in Russia is functioning successfully for more than 60 years. A largenumber of various research and commercial industrial facilities for effective application of nuclear energy andnuclear technologies were developed during this period. By present time operation at many of those facilities isterminated. Specific features of nuclear and radioactive materials require a special technology to be used fordismantling of such facilities.VNIPIET institute was involved in design and engineering work for many of nuclear industry projects.VNIPIET is also a leading engineering organization for decommissioning projects of various nuclear facilitiesand projects for rehabilitation of contaminated territories, decontamination of equipment etc.Special attention is being given to problems of SNF and RW management.VNIPIET Institute jointly with some research and design organizations has developed conceptual projects fordecommissioning of uranium graphite reactors. The Concept is based on long-term controlled storage withgradual step by step dismantling of equipment, structures and buildings. Various special equipment wasdeveloped for decontamination of contaminated equipment and surfaces before dismantling in order to minimizequantity of radioactive wastes.Recently some new projects related to decommissioning of facilities and rehabilitation of territories at formernaval technical bases for nuclear fleet were initiated (sites for temporary storage of SNF and RW).Primary task of those projects is to develop technology and special equipment for removal of SNF fromtemporary storages and its transportation for final reprocessing and disposal. Special instruments and equipmentis being developed for fuel assembles reracking and filling to transport containers.The other task is to develop new radioactive waste long term storage and disposal facilities which meet all newstrict national and international safety regulations and standards.Some new projects to be developed are connected with problems of decommissioning for commercial nuclearelectricity generation units (NPP's), such as Leningrad NPP, Bilibino NPP and some others.Existing VNIPIET's engineering potential and practical experience can be used as a solid base for successfulsolution of all above mentioned decommissioning problems of nuclear reactors and fuel cycle facilities.