During the last decade, the resurgence of artificial neuralnetworks, the applicability of fuzzy logic, and the extensive work onlinear adaptive filters have had a significant impact on engineering.The adaptive network concept unifies these areas since they all sharethis worth...they can adapt to changing situations, learn, orapproximate, the relationships among the variables of a given system.This simple form of learning is synthesized by the network structure andtheir adaptation mechanism. The applications of these networks rangefrom simple interpolation, table substitution, modeling, and thesynthesis of complex controllers at the cost of almost no design effort.In this work, the adaptability framework is used to present thesepowerful networks as well as their training or learning mechanisms usingclustering, gradient descent, and evolutionary programming
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