Bayesian reconstruction of 3D shapes and scenes from a single image

摘要

It is common experience for human vision to perceive full 3D shape and scene from a single 2D image with the occluded parts "filled-in" by prior visual knowledge. We represent prior knowledge of 3D shapes and scenes by probabilistic models at two levels - both are defined on graphs. The first level model is built on a graph representation for single objects, and it is a mixture model for both man-made block objects such as trees and grasses. It assumes surface and boundary smoothness, 3D angle symmetry etc. The second level model is built on the relation graph of all objects in a scene. It assumes that objects should be supported for maximum stability with global bounding surfaces, such as ground, sky and walls. Given an input image, we extract the geometry and photometric structures through image segmentation and sketching, and represent them in a big graph. Then we partition the graph into subgraphs each being an object, infer the 3D shape and recover occluded surfaces, edges and vertices in each subgraph, and infer the scene structures between the recovered 3D sub-graphs. The inference algorithm samples from the prior model under the constraint that it reproduces the observed image/sketch under projective geometry.