Cotton is a typical introduced crop in China, and the cotton variety improvement has greatly developed since Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) was introduced from the United States in 1940s and 1950s. For the 50 years more than one thousand varieties (or lines) were bred, and about 400 varieties were released or adopted by farmers. Evaluating the diversity of CHina cotton varieties is very important for deciding the future breeding stategy and guiding parent selection in cross breeding.
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