In distributed HLR environment, the pointer forwarding with distributeed HLR (PFD HLR) has been proposed to reduce the location update cost for multiple HLRs. IN PEDHLR scheme, a find cost can be changed according to the kind of HLRs from which calls originate. If users change PCS registration areas (RA's) frequently, but receive calls relatively infrequently infrequently, and calls originate from any other HLRs than the HLR at which the mobile host is recently registered (called as "the recently updated HLR" hereinafter), many VLRs should be traversed in order to find users.
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