elctronics factory integration: the national electronics manufacturing initiative (NEMI) factory information systems (FIS) roadmap and probjects

摘要

Electronics manufactures are contracting an increasing breadth of production processes to their network of suppliers-a trend which is global, but highly pronounced in North Americal. In itially the industry saw the OEMSs (Original Equipment Manufacturer) divest of component technologies such as PWB (Printed Wiring Board) where today, for example, it is the exception to find an OEM that has internal PWB manufacturing capability. From the midnineties, and continuing toay, the shift towards outsourcing continues with board assembly operations. This trend has led to the explosive grwoth of the Contract Manufacturing sector, more appropriately referred to as the Electronics Manufacturing Services (EMS) industry due to the expanded scope of the services they provide. Figure 1 shows the evolution of OEM-supplier relationships due to increased outsourcing.