Technology has improved dramaticaly over the last quarter century. It has allowed the development of personal body armor capable of preventing penetration of fragments traveling in excess of 609 m/s (2000 ft/s). However, these strides have also exposed the body to greater impact energies without a lethal penetration. The objective of this study was to examine how the body, in particular the head-neck complex, responds to these impacts. A finite element model was developed to characteirze the behavior of this biomechanical system. This model was validated against experimental work. The validated model was then subjected to impacts at different positions to induce different load cases. Each set of results was then compared to Head Injury Criteria (HIC), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), and the Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVS) for evidence of injury potential. Disc stiffness was found to be proportional to the injury potential. Rupture of the disc was considered likely for most cases considered. Fracture of the vertebral body was considered likely in a half of the cases under study.
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机译：在过去的25年中，技术得到了巨大的进步。它允许开发个人防弹衣，该防弹衣能够防止超过609 m / s（2000 ft / s）的碎片穿透。然而，这些大步前进也使人体暴露于更大的冲击能量，而没有致命的穿透力。这项研究的目的是检查身体，尤其是头颈复合体如何应对这些影响。开发了一个有限元模型来表征该生物力学系统的行为。该模型已针对实验工作进行了验证。然后，将经过验证的模型在不同位置进行冲击，以引起不同的载荷工况。然后将每组结果与头部受伤标准（HIC），简化损伤量表（AIS）和损伤评估参考值（IARVS）进行比较，以证明可能的伤害。发现椎间盘的刚度与潜在的伤害成正比。在考虑的大多数情况下，认为椎间盘破裂很可能。在所研究的一半病例中，认为椎体可能骨折。
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