Abstract: We describe the fabrication and properties of optical waveguides formed in Z-cut proton exchanged LiTaO$-3$/ and X- and Z-cuts annealed proton exchanged LiNbO$-3$/ structures by reverse proton exchange Li$+$PLU$/ $YLD H$+$PLU$/ in the LiNO$-3$/ and LiNO$- 3$/-KNO$-3$/-NaNO$-3$/ melts at 280 - 340$DGR@C. Surface waveguides, supporting ordinary polarization modes, as well as the buried waveguides for extraordinary polarization modes have been produced. The diffusion constant D$-o$/ and the activation energy Q for the reverse proton exchange process in LiTaO$-3$/ were calculated to be 2.95 $DOT 10$+7$/ $mu@m$+2$//h and 97.66 kJ/mol, respectively. A surface decrease of the ordinary refractive index $Delta@n$-o$/$EQ $MIN@0.034 in H:LiTaO$-3$/ waveguides with $Delta@n$- e$/$EQ 0.026 was estimated from direct measurements. The reverse proton exchange method was used to form buried waveguides in the well annealed proton exchanged lithium niobate waveguides. The different crystal phases were identified in APE LiNbO$-3$/. The relationships between extraordinary and ordinary index changes in APE LiNbO$-3$/ waveguides annealed at different temperatures (330$DGR@C and 400$DGR@C) were obtained.!26
展开▼
