Methods involving approximate numerical solutions of the energy equations in two dimensions were developed to allow thermal management and tradeoffs to be conducted efficiently. A validation of the approximate theoretical predictions compared favorably with the experimental data using infrared thermography. Experimental data indicate that infrared thermography provides a method of measuring the temperatures of powered PWBs (printed wiring boards). The overall difference between the measured temperature profile and the calculated temperature profile is within 10%. The discrepancies are thought to be due to uncertainties in material properties and the experimental methods.
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