The design and development of an advanced lead-acid battery system for electric delivery vehicles is described. Progress to date is based on the concept of forced flow of electrolyte through the cells comprising the battery pack. A forced convection pumping configuration circulates the acid parallel to the electrode surfaces in order to provide stable electrical performance throughout cycle life. More recently, activities have been directed toward improving life beyond the 130 cycle benchmark. These efforts are directed toward the fabrication of a 180 V, 39 kWh battery system for electric van propulsion.
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