Feasibility Study and Impacts of EV Penetration in Rwanda’s MV Distribution Networks

摘要

Road transport has been identified as one of the top contributors of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the energy sector in Rwanda [1]. The Ministry of Environment in its Third National Communication Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change proposed different mitigation solutions including the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) and fuel efficiency systems. The main motivation is to replace diesel-fuelled cars with EVs starting from 2020 in Rwanda [1]. EVs are projected to replace 150,000 passenger cars by 2050 and according to the projection, these EVs will require an average of 30 kWh per 100 km [1]. In this paper, a feasibility study of introducing EVs in Rwanda’s transport system is investigated. Simulation results show that 1.5% of the registered private vehicles, 10% of the registered buses and 10% of the registered taxis charging at 10 kW can be replaced with EVs with a minimal impact on voltage profiles. This study found that 1%, 8% and 8% of the registered private vehicles, buses and taxis can be supported with 20 kW chargers. However, an addition of two large-scale distributed generation (DG) units is required with 20 kW chargers in the network.