Identifying Barriers to Antibiotic Resistant Pathogens in Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Systems

摘要

Water reuse is a key strategy towards reducing water demand, alleviating water stress, and promoting sustainability. Non-potable reuse is already widely implemented globally and in water-stressed states, such as Florida, Texas, and California, though no federal regulations exist. Reuse water is distinct from drinking water and its use correspondingly raises distinct health concerns, such as the presence of trace contaminants, pharmaceuticals, and antibiotic resistance elements. As added precaution against such contaminants of emerging concern (CEC), multiple barriers are typically emplaced to minimize potential risks and protect public health. While a substantial knowledge base has been built with respect to identifying processes that effectively remove CECs, there is a need to identify water reuse practices that also serve as an effective barrier to biological concerns, such as the spread of antibiotic resistance.