Hyperosmolar Potassium Depolarization Suppresses Pro-inflammatory Macrophage Activation

摘要

Cumulatively, results demonstrate that membrane depolarization induced by either K~+ or Na~+ suppresses pro-inflammatory cytokine production by AMOs. However, K~+ treatment results in superior pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophage responses than Na~+. Specifically, K~+ resulted in a greater reduction of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, NOS-2, and MCP-1 and increased levels of pleiotropic and anti-inflammatory markers IL-6 and VEGF-α relative to Na~+. These results were not simply a result of osmolarity due to differential responses relative to sucrose controls. These data suggest that K~+-induced membrane depolarization may be a useful tool for inducing anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization.