Solar Flow Batteries: Integrated Solar Energy Conversion and Redox Flow Battery Devices

摘要

1. Solar energy, wind energy, and other sources of renewable energy are intermittent in nature 2. The practical utilization of solar energy demands not only efficient energy conversion but also inexpensive large scale energy storage — Grid-level energy storage a. Fly wheels b. Pumped water storage c. Li-ion batteries too expensive d. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) e. Chemical energy - solar fuels.