MORE CIVIL ENGAGEMENT - MORE SUSTAINABILITY? SELECTED METHODS FOR CITIZEN ENGAGEMENT AND INITIATIVES OF CIVIL SOCIETIES IN DIFFERENT INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS

摘要

Citizens have much to contribute to the successful design and implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS). From consultation through to collaborative planning and active participation, citizens can become involved at all stages of a NBS project. The paper provides hands-on advice on selected participation methods together with examples from NBS projects around the world. It focusses on citizen engagement in NBS as a means to address the needs of diverse communities. In particular, it aims to show how citizen engagement can increase the understanding of NBS, empower local communities, create greater sense of ownership, enhance urban citizenship and belonging, and help to tackle social exclusion. Based on case studies from Horizon2020-funded research on "Nature-based Urban Innovation" (NATURVATION), the authors consider what municipalities and civil society organizations can do to promote citizen engagement in and through NBS. The paper also considers how marginalized groups can be included in the planning for NBS in the city.