The Morphological, Anatomical, And Physiological Characteristics of Elephantopus scaber As Explant Source For Tissue Culture

摘要

The purpose of this study was to describe morphological characteristic (leaf area, plant height, and leaf sheath), to describe anatomical characteristic (trichomes found in leaf sheath, veins, leaf blade and stem, to describe the physiological characteristic from phytochemical tests of secondary metabolites from Elephantopus scaber leaf extract, to determine the correct explant source for tissue culture to avoid contamination and to cultivate good callus. The type of this study was descriptive. The study included morphological measurements of E. scaber sampled from Trawas, Mojokerto (midland 700m-950m above sea level). 20 leaves and leaf sheaths for were sampled for measurement of morphological characteristics. 20 plants were also sampled for height measurement. Morphological data described trichomes on leaf blade, veins, and leaf sheath. Microscopic observations of trichomes on leaf blade, veins, and leaf sheath were conducted to describe anatomical characteristics. Phytochemical content of the methanol extract of E. scaber plant leaves with various methods were conducted to describe physiological characteristics so the optimum explant source of the E. scaber could be determined. The results showed that E. scaber that lived in midlands had characteristics, ie average leaf area = 25.78 cm~2, leaf sheath length = 1.86 cm and plant height of 3.66 cm, with needle-shaped non-glandular trichomes, and the leaves contained flavonoids, saponins, phenols and triterpenoids. The best explant source was found on the leaf bone which shows 11 specimens live two weeks after planting.