Empirical equations to predict ground motions during construction operations have been suggested by various researchers. These empirical correlations were developed after measuring particle velocities on the ground surface during pile installation or other construction activities. When waves travel through the soil and away from the impact source, energy is lost due to material and geometric damping, respectively. This paper presents an overview of existing wave attenuation formulas for man-made induced vibrations. The authors collected ground motion measurements from impact pile driving by installing sensors at varying depths and very close to driven piles. A conventional line array of surface sensors was also used. Attenuation curves developed from records of both surface and in-depth sensors are presented.
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