Thermal Detrimental Effects of Different States of Charge in Lithium-ion Battery Module System-detonation of Single 18650 Cell

摘要

Lithium batteries, due to high capacity, high energy density, and other advantages, have become a vital energy source. With the ever-changing technology, they have the output energy, thermal stability, and the ability to meet the increasingly high capacity, in order to meet the demand for countless applications. A large number of lithium battery strings, parallel battery modules, and battery management systems have become mainstream in the market. However, numerous studies have confirmed that the potential thermal hazard of lithium batteries is not negligible. Large-scale battery module may result in the hazard being intensified. Therefore, large-scale battery module's utilizations and storage is a safety concern issue. To observe lithium battery module hazard characteristics, in this study, a Panasonic NCR 18650-P-H03VA commercial tri-element lithium battery was designed as 30, 50, and 80% state of charge (SOC) for battery power conditions. The experiments employed vent sizing package 2 to conduct single and double battery adiabatic heating tests, through the external recorder to record the voltage changes. The experimental results were plotted as a chart and changes were observed of exothermic apparent onset temperature, maximum temperature, maximum pressure, self-heating rate, pressure rise rate, voltage change, and time interval of voltage drop to runaway to understand safer operation before battery runaway.