Conclusions: In this study, BMP2 binding peptide with BMP2 affinity and hypoxia-mimetic agent, DFO, was covalently conjugated to biomimetic gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds, separately. GF-BBP scaffolds showed enhanced retention of BMP2 and promoted BMP2 induced osteoblast differentiation in vitro. While GF-DFO scaffolds can significantly increase VEGF expression in both hMSCs and HUVECs in vitro, furthermore, improved bone formation in a critical sized cranial bone defect mouse model. These encouraging data suggested that it is a promising strategy to promote endogenous bone formation through functionalization GF scaffold with two essential components: BMP2 binding peptide and DFO.
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