New smokeless double-base propellants based on oxalate, nitrocarbamate and formate

摘要

The preparation and characterization of three different formulations of new high-performance smokeless double-base propellants based on the trinitroethyl unit is reported. The new ingredients are: bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl)oxalate [BTNEO], 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-nitrocarbamate [TNENC] and 2,2,2-trinitroethyl formate [TNEF]. The investigated formulations showed high performance parameters and good thermal stability with homogenous smokeless burning and high density. The higher decomposition temperatures of the three different compositions 186, 153 and 192°C respectively give them higher thermal stability compared to the decomposition temperature of NG (40°C) in the ordinary DBP formulation. The composition which was based on carbamate (NC/TNENC) showed the highest burning rate, followed by the composition which was based on formate (NC/TNEF) while the lowest burning rate was observed using the composition which based on oxalate (NC/TNEO). On the other hand, the highest burning temperature was found for the composition NC/TNEF, followed by NC/TNENC. Also, the high densities of the three new ingredients (BTNEO, TNENC and TNEF) which are (1.84, 1.73 and 1.81 g.cm~(-3) at 298 K, respectively) give the propellants high loading densities in the rocket motor in comparison with the density of NC (1.59 g.cm~(-3) at 298 K) in the ordinary DBP formulation.