Minimization of the Cost and CO2 Emissions for Strip Footings under Dynamic Loading Using a Big Bang-Big Crunch Algorithm

摘要

A procedure is developed to minimize cost and CO2 emissions for the design of reinforced concrete strip footings subjected to dynamic loading, satisfying geotechnical limit states and using a big bang-big crunch (BB-BC) algorithm. The objectives of this research are to develop low-cost and IOW-CO2 emission designs of strip footings when subjected to dynamic loading. Cost is based on materials and labor required for the construction of strip footings. The CO2 emissions are associated with the extraction and transportation of raw materials; processing, manufacturing, and fabrication of products; and the emissions of equipment involved in the construction process. The cost and CO2 objective functions are subjected to dynamic soil bearing and dynamic displacement limits. A design example is presented to compare low-cost and low-CO2 emission designs. Results are presented that demonstrate the effects of different magnitudes of applied dynamic loads for strip footings founded in different types of soils.