A Systems Approach to Optimize Regional Energy System with Power Transmissions and Distribution Constraints and Options

摘要

1. It has been shown that one can handle power distribution constraints in along-term regional energy model, as to produce more realistic VRE penetrationscenarios that are compatible with system service requirements.2. Computationally, we demonstrate that the approximation of a non-linear powerdistribution model by a linear one is efficient.3. The consideration of power distribution options and constraints does bringsignificative changes in technology choices, in the space heating and transportsectors. In general the electricity consumption and local production are reduced,when power distribution losses and costs are better represented.4. In the context of stringent emissions reduction policies, EVs with their batteriesas well as flexible loads play a key role in the penetration of electricity-basedtechnologies and intermittent productions.5. Including robustification on energy prices in the design of scenarios amplifies theVRE penetration and leads to higher diversification in the technology portfolio.