Electromobility is emerging as a global alternative to transportation based on the internal combustion engine. Battery technology is largely responsible for the recent success of electric vehicles, from bicycles to passenger cars and buses. A sustained drop in lithium-ion battery costs and performance improvements are also pushing the limits of design. In this paper, we explore ways to maximize the value of packaging and cooling of lithium-ion energy storage systems (ESS) for different types of electric vehicles. We advocate the use of durable flame retardant polycarbonates for packaging components and the adoption of modular designs that can help capture value, allow multiple applications, and facilitate second-life use.
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