Microbial attack on waterborne paints over time degrades color and film integrity. In hot humid environments, interior coatings become contaminated with fungi and yeast. Similarly, algae, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), and mold are frequently found on exterior painted surfaces. Germination and growth of these ubiquitous organisms on the dry coatings can be inhibited by a proper broad spectrum film preservative adapted to the intended use. Active ingredients that have historically been used for controlling the growth of these organisms are reviewed. Recent advances using combinations of active ingredients that minimize toxicity to unintended species while reducing the environmental impact are highlighted and emerging technologies for minimizing leaching into the environment are presented.
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