The effect of a forepole umbrella system on the stability of a tunnel face in clay

摘要

A new series of three-dimensional centrifuge model tests using soft clay has been conducted using the geotechnical centrifuge facility at City University London. These tests aim to quantify the reinforcing proficiency of different arrangements of steel pipes in a Forepoling Umbrella System (FUS). The results highlight some interesting effects of the FUS on tunnel stability and the spread of ground movements in the vicinity of the tunnel heading.