The Spatial Public Goods Game with Selfish Punishment

摘要

Cooperation is not only essential but favorable to human societies, animals and even molecules. Altruistic punishment is affirmed as one of solutions to elevate collaborative efforts, nonetheless, we can't ignore the inherent deficiency. Hence selfish punishment is put forward, the spatial public goods game (PGGs) with retaliation comprises of unconditional defectors, pure co operators, and retaliative co operators who retrieve part of payoffs which are created by their own from defectors except to contribute. This inhibits second-order free-riders and conquers the limitation of costly punishment. As is known to all selfishness is human nature. In human a typical human society, restitution against selfish behavior can be achieved through legal or arbitration proceedings, or perhaps ultra-legal means such as hiring gangsters, maybe the ways are resemblance to peer-punishment. This study invokes some interesting phenomenon like fault age and that all-C and all-D status change alternately. In addition to a dazzling visual graph of rock-paper-scissors type, the three strategies often appear as "mantis catching cicada yellowbird behind". Our conclusions indicate that retaliation is highly dependent on the synergy factor.