Express logistics by means of high-speed railway faces challenges, such as the lack of infrastructural facilities, freight transportation limits, low efficiency of upstream-downstream industries and the furious competition of logistics industry. Considering the factors of regional differences, misallocation of resources and income levels, we designed the follow three operation modes for high-speed railway logistics: completely-opened mode, agent-cooperated mode and self-employed mode. The fuzzy synthetic evaluation based on set-valued statistics was applied for evaluating and choosing the three modes. This led us to the conclusions. First, the completely-opened mode is suitable in the areas where logistics market saturation and maturity are high. Second, outsourcing the distribution business is the best choice in the areas where its' distribution resources are insufficient, high-speed railway organization should cooperate with the local logistics agencies. At last, the self-employed mode is suitable only in this case that business outlets, transportation network, logistics center and logistics information system and other resources of high-speed railway organization are extremely sufficient.
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