IMPLEMENTATION OF NUCLEAR-DESALINATION IN COASTAL REGION OF INDIA FOR INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

摘要

India is a developing country and the second largest country in the world, in terms of population. Natural water resources are very limited and have been already exhausted up to their maximum extent. Continuous increase in population and water pollution put the encumbrance on natural water resources which are very limited in India and totally depend on rainfall water. Only 18% of rainwater is utilized effectively in India. The water consumption in India during the year 2006 was 829 billion m~3 which will increase to 1093 billion m~3 in 2025 and 1047 billion m~3 in 2050. The potential for increasing the volume of utilization of water is hardly 5-10% due to which India may face a scarcity of water in the near future. The Population of India by the year 2001 was 1027 million and the per capita water availability was 1820 m~3 per year. The per capita water availability will drop down to 1341 nr by 2025, and to 1140 m~3 up to 2050. On inspecting the average requirement of water for various purposes, the situation is considered as a water stress condition when the per capita water availability ranges from 1000 to 1700 m~3 per year and it can be considered as water scarcity when the availability reduces to 1000 m~3 per year. Quantity and quality of water has been progressively decreasing due to climate change. On the other hand population of India is continuously increasing. Which will cause an extra burden on the available water resources. It is required to opt an alternative method to produce pure water through unconventional methods to bridge the gap between demand and supply. 'Nuclear-Desalination' is the key, which is capable of dealing with the current challenges in the per capita water availability for Indian Industries and population. Industries like cement, smelters, petrochemicals & refineries, chemical, textile, pharmaceutical, food processing, leather, rubber, sugar, fertilizers, paper & pulp, pesticides etc. also requires good quality of water. Nuclear-Desalination is a well proven technology by countries like Kazakhstan, Japan and India. Desalination is the simple method of desalting by evaporation of sea water. It requires a temperature range of 80-120 °C. Waste heat from nuclear power plant is capable of delivering the required temperature for desalination. Nuclear power plant with co-generation of electricity and process heat can be available for industrial growth. The attenuation of water, electricity and process heat is possible by nuclear power plant to meet the Industrial essentials. India is willing to increase its nuclear power plants to mitigate the energy requirement. India plans to build Ⅲrd generation AP-1000 and European Pressurized Reactor six each nearby coastal area. Nominal outlet coolant temperature of AP-1000 reactor and EPR is around 297 °C and 324.7 °C respectively. This can be utilized for different processes like district heating, production of ammonia, methanol, soda-ash, pulp and paper, petroleum refining etc. It is also possible to achieve very high temperature by using Fast Breeder Reactor like Liquid Metal FBR, Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactor, can deliver temperature more than 950 °C, which can be utilized for H_2 production as well as other industrial processes mentioned above. India already has 500MW prototype of FBR in Kalpakkam of which primary outlet temperature is 547 °C. India planning for six commercial FBR in the next fifteen years. The mitigation of industrial requirement and nuclear power plant can lead to a model 'Development of Nuclear-Industrial Zone in India' in future perspective. India has more than 7500 km of coastal area which can be exploit by 'DNIZ'. It can help to cultivate the international port in India which reduces transportation cost. The paper describes the viable futuristic approach for Nuclear Power Plant in India. The proposed model gives possible ways for implementation of Nuclear-Desalination for industrial growth in the future.