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Short PCPs with Projection Queries

机译:带有投影查询的简短PCP

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摘要

We construct a PCP for NTIME(2~n) with constant soundness, 2~n poly(n) proof length, and poly(n) queries where the verifier's computation is simple: the queries are a projection of the input randomness, and the computation on the prover's answers is a 3CNF. The previous upper bound for these two computations was polynomial-size circuits. Composing this verifier with a proof oracle increases the circuit-depth of the latter by 2. Our PCP is a simple variant of the PCP by Ben-Sasson, Goldreich, Harsha, Sudan, and Vadhan (CCC 2005). We also give a more modular exposition of the latter, separating the combinatorial from the algebraic arguments. If our PCP is taken as a black box, we obtain a more direct proof of the result by Williams, later with Santhanam (CCC 2013) that de-randomizing circuits on n bits from a class C in time 2~n~(ω(1)) yields that NEXP is not in a related circuit class C′. Our proof yields a tighter connection: C is an And-Or of circuits from C′. Along the way we show that the same lower bound follows if the satisfiability of the And of any 3 circuits from C′ can be solved in time 2~n~(ω(1)).
机译:我们为NTIME(2〜n)构造一个PCP,具有恒定的健壮性,2〜n poly(n)证明长度和poly(n)查询,其中验证者的计算很简单:查询是输入随机性的投影,而证明者答案的计算是3CNF。这两个计算的先前上限是多项式大小的电路。将该验证程序与证明预言结合使用,可使后者的电路深度增加2。我们的PCP是Ben-Sasson,Goldreich,Harsha,Sudan和Vadhan的PCP的简单变体(CCC 2005)。我们还对后者进行了更模块化的阐述,将组合词和代数论证分开。如果将我们的PCP视为黑匣子,我们会得到威廉姆斯的更直接证明,随后是Santhanam(CCC 2013),它在2〜n / n〜(的时间)对来自C类的n位电路进行了非随机化处理。 ω(1))得出NEXP不在相关电路类别C'中。我们的证明产生了更紧密的联系:C是C'电路的“与”或“或”。这样一来,我们表明,如果可以在2〜n / n〜(ω(1))的时间内解决C'中任意3个电路的And的可满足性,则遵循相同的下界。

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