Factors Predicting Concentrations of Urinary VOC Metabolites among Pregnant Women in the National Children's Study

摘要

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have numerous sources, e.g., tobacco smoke, gasoline, paints, and scented products. We modeled the relationship between urinary VOC metabolite concentrations and sources of VOC exposure in 488 third trimester pregnant women enrolled in the National Children's Study Vanguard Study from 2009-2010. VOC source information included observations of scented products in the home, and questions about use of air fresheners, aerosols, paint or varnish, organic solvents, and smoking exposure. The Division of Laboratory Sciences at CDC simultaneously quantified 28 urinary VOC metabolites using a reversed-phase ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (LJPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MSMS). These are metabolites of acrolein, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, benzene, 1-bromopropane, 1,3-butadiene, carbon-disulfide, crotonaldehyde, cyanide, N,N-dimethylformamide, ethylbenzene, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, styrene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and xylene. We used complete models which included all previously described VOC sources as possible predictors of VOC metabolite concentration. Smoking exposure predicted (p＜0.01) all VOC metabolites which are biomarkers of tobacco constituents except: PMA and Mil (both benzene metabolites), TTCA (a carbon disulfide metabolite), PGA (an ethylbenzene and styrene metabolite), and BMA (a toluene metabolite). Paint use was associated with increased concentration of the xylene metabolites 2-MHA and 3-MHA+4-MHA, and concentrations of the toluene metabolite BMA were lower in rural locations than in urban locations. Observed scented products, use of aerosols, and air fresheners were not predictive of any VOC metabolite. These models suggest smoking exposure, paint use, and rural/ urban location affect VOC exposure; suggesting the NCS Main Study Protocols include similar biospecimens and information about sources of exposure to VOCs.