Background: Research shows that the built environment is associated with walking and weight, as land use, density, and transportation systems determine the proximity of destinations and the feasibility of walking to them. Few studies have shown prospective associations between the built environment and these outcomes. Aims: To assess the prospective association between the built environment and changes in walking and weight. Methods: We used 1986-2008 data from the Nurses' Health Study, a US-based nationwide prospective cohort of female nurses. Using Census and geographic information systems (GIS) data, we created measures of residential density, business counts (as a proxy for land use mix), and intersection counts (as a proxy for street connectivity) based on 1200m line-based buffers around the participant mailing address at each biennial questionnaire. Self-reported weight (in lbs) and walking (converted to metabolic equivalent hours per week (MET hrs/wk)) was asked on each questionnaire. We ran multilevel longitudinal analyses on the relationship between built environment measures and weight or walking. Results: Of 102,885 participants, mean weight at baseline was 147.2 lbs and mean walking was 6.5 MET hrs/wk. After adjusting for age, race, smoking, individual socioeconomic status, and Census tract income and household value, the highest quintile of intersection count, business count, and population density was associated with a -0.09 (95% confidence interval -0.17, -0.02), -0.12 (-0.19, -0.04), and -0.06 (-0.14,0.02) change in MET hrs/wk of walking per year compared to the lowest quintile, respectively. The highest quintile of intersection count, business count, and population density was associated with a 0.03 (0.01, 0.04), 0.02 (0.00, 0.03), and 0.00 (-0.02, 0.02) Ib weight gain per year compared to the lowest quintile, respectively. Conclusions: We found that higher levels of intersection count, business count, and population density were associated with lower levels of walking and higher levels of weight gain.
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机译：背景：研究表明，建筑环境与步行和体重相关，因为土地使用，密度和交通系统决定了目的地的接近程度以及步行到目的地的可行性。很少有研究显示建筑环境与这些结果之间存在前瞻性关联。目的：评估建筑环境与步行和体重变化之间的预期关联。方法：我们使用了来自美国护士全国范围的前瞻性队列“护士健康研究”中的1986-2008年数据。利用人口普查和地理信息系统（GIS）数据，我们基于围绕1200m线的缓冲区创建了住宅密度，业务数量（作为土地使用组合的代理）和交叉路口数量（作为街道连通性的代理）的度量。每两年一次调查问卷的参与者邮寄地址。在每份问卷上都要求自我报告的体重（以磅为单位）和步行（换算为每周代谢当量小时（MET hrs / wk））。我们对建筑环境措施与体重或步行之间的关系进行了多层次的纵向分析。结果：在102,885名参与者中，基线时的平均体重为147.2磅，平均步行时间为6.5 MET hrs / wk。在对年龄，种族，吸烟，个人社会经济地位以及人口普查收入和家庭价值进行调整之后，路口数，企业数和人口密度的最高五分位数与-0.09（95％置信区间-0.17，-0.02 ），与最低的五分位数相比，每年行走的MET小时/周的变化分别为-0.12（-0.19，-0.04）和-0.06（-0.14,0.02）。与最低的五分位数相比，最高的五分之一交叉口计数，业务计数和人口密度与每年增加0.03（0.01，0.04），0.02（0.00，0.03）和0.00（-0.02，0.02）Ib体重相关，分别。结论：我们发现交叉路口计数，业务计数和人口密度较高与步行水平较低和体重增加较高有关。
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