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A coherence-matched linear model for subsonic jet noise

机译:亚音速喷射噪声的相干匹配线性模型

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It has been shown recently that the near-field of subsonic turbulent jets is composed largely of wavepackets produced by the linear interaction of the perturbing velocity field with the steady base flow. However, computation of the far-field sound from such wavepacket models inevitably lead to an error of more than an order of magnitude despite a close statistical agreement near the jet axis. Recent work (Cavalieri and Agarwal, "Coherence decay and its impact on sound radiation by wavepackets", Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 748, 2014) suggests that this discrepancy may be caused by the mismatch between the perfect coherence in linear wavepacket models and the decaying coherence in experimental flow fluctuations. We investigate whether this is the case for wavepacket sound radiation in two axisym-metric turbulent jets of Mach number 0.4 and 0.6 using a Linearized Euler Equation (LEE) solver. The objective is to impose the coherence function of flow fluctuations found in experiments on near-field structures, generated using LEE with a fluctuating inflow boundary condition. This is achieved with a boundary value formulation on a cylindrical surface which encloses the jet and using the linear wave equation to project the near-field pressure on the surface to the far-field. This technique is adapted to extrapolate the two-point cross spectral density (CSD) to the far-field. The effect of multiplying the CSD on the cylindrical surface with a coherence contour envelope obtained from experiments is tested prior to projecting the results to the far-field. We observe that matching the near-field coherence profile in this manner yields far-field sound pressure levels that show good agreement with experimental results. An investigation of the CSD on the cylindrical surface reveals that the effect of the coherence envelope is to spread the hydrodynamic component of the linear wavepacket source on to acoustic wavenumbers resulting in a more efficient acoustic source. These results suggest that the decaying coherence profile observed in experiments is the missing link in relating the far-field sound to near-field fluctuations in turbulent jets. This paves the way for the development of a jet noise model which is linear in all aspects, except the coherence profile where all of the non-linearity is confined.
机译:近来已表明,亚音速湍流射流的近场主要由扰动速度场与稳定基流的线性相互作用产生的波包组成。然而,尽管在射流轴附近有紧密的统计一致性,但是从这样的波包模型计算远场声音不可避免地导致超过一个数量级的误差。最近的工作(Cavalieri和Agarwal,“相干衰减及其对波包对声辐射的影响”,《流体力学杂志》,第748卷,2014年)表明,这种差异可能是由于线性波包模型中的完美相干与实验流量波动中的衰减相干性。我们使用线性欧拉方程(LEE)求解器研究马赫数分别为0.4和0.6的两个轴对称湍流射流中的波包声音辐射是否属于这种情况。目的是将在实验中发现的流量波动的相干函数强加于近场结构上,该结构是使用LEE在流入边界条件波动的情况下生成的。这是通过在包围射流的圆柱表面上使用边界值公式并使用线性波动方程将表面上的近场压力投射到远场来实现的。这项技术适用于将两点交叉谱密度(CSD)外推到远场。在将结果投影到远场之前,先测试将CSD在圆柱表面上乘以从实验获得的相干轮廓包络线的效果。我们观察到,以这种方式匹配近场相干曲线会产生远场声压级,与实验结果显示出很好的一致性。对圆柱表面上的CSD的研究表明,相干包络的作用是将线性波包源的流体动力分量传播到声波数上,从而产生更有效的声源。这些结果表明,在实验中观察到的衰减相干分布是将湍流射流中的远场声音与近场波动联系起来的缺失环节。这为开发在所有方面都是线性的射流噪声模型铺平了道路,除了所有非线性都受到限制的相干曲线。

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