High thermally stable and insensitive energetic salts based on s-triazine cation

摘要

In the pursuit of new high-energy-density materials (HEDMs), high energy compounds with high thermal stabilities and low sensitivities received more and more attention. In the past decade, a new class of high energetic compounds composed of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic onions and/or cations has been developed to meet the continuing need for improved energetic materials, which displayed attractive energetic properties due to the special properties of ionic compounds, such as lower vapor pressure, and higher densities than their atomically similar nonionic analogues. But oxygen-containing cations remain elusive because once nitrated or oxidized, the ability of neutral Lewis bases to form cation-ic species is greatly reduced. Triazine rings have been studied for use in a number of applications, which is an ideal backbone for constructing energetic compounds due to its three readily tunable ring carbon positions. However, triazine-based energetic salts have been investigated to a lesser extent than the azoles. Current research in this field is only limited to substituent triazine onions. Recently, we designed and synthesized a series of energetic salts based on 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-6-one cation, which showed excellent thermal stabilities and low sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic charge. Most of the salts decompose over 180 °C, especially the salts nitrate and perchlorate, which decompose at 303.3 °C and 336.4 °C. Furthermore, most of the salts exhibit excellent impact sensitivities (＞40 J), friction sensitivities (＞360 N), and are insensitive to electrostatics. The measured densities of these energetic salts range from 1.64 to 2.01 g cm~(-3). The detonation pressures (P) values calculated for these salts range from 14.6 to 29.2 GPa, and the detonation velocities (D) range from 6536 to 8275 m s~(-1), making the salts potential candidates for thermally stable and insensitive energetic materials.