The Role of the International Organization for Migration in the Mediterranean Crisis

摘要

Mr. Nunes will explain the IOM's role in in the Mediterranean crisis; specifically, the use of the IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM). During his speech, Mr. Nunes will give an introduction to the DTM, provide examples of its application and approaches in the Mediterranean crisis, and finally, share results and ways to move forward. The Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) is a system to track and monitor displacement and population mobility. It is designed to regularly and systematically capture, process and disseminate information to provide a better understanding of population mobility, whether on site or en route. This information provides knowledge on the movement, locations, vulnerabilities and needs of displaced populations throughout the course of a crisis. Using the years of experience of DTM implementation worldwide, IOM established the Flow Monitoring System (FMS) in 2015 to gather and disseminate more qualitative information on populations moving through the Mediterranean. This system uses data captured from flow monitoring points in Greece, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Hungary, Slovenia, Libya, and other transit countries to create weekly flows compilations that are used to analyze trends across the region. Information is gathered about migrants' profiles, including age, sex, areas of origin, levels of education, key transit points on their route, cost of journey, motives and intentions. This allows IOM to tailor relevant programming to the specific needs in the different locations. So far in 2016, the DTM's FMS has tracked 248,418 arrivals in the Mediterranean, mostly coming from Afghanistan and Syria. However, the system allows us to go beyond the numbers and identify specific needs for the moving populations. Mr. Nunes will provide up to date information and give specific examples on how the FMS helped uncover specific needs of displaced populations arriving in Mediterranean countries. Data and information is registered through many actors. The data on arrivals is registered then collated by IOM through consulting with ministries of interior, coast guards, police forces, and other relevant national authorities. The survey is collected through primary data collection conducted by IOM staff in strategic transit locations along the routes. Respondents to the survey voluntarily complete a 16-item questionnaire that helps provide more in-depth, qualitative data. In addition to this, IOM has been actively implementing other DTM components inside the countries where most of the migrants are coming from. These include tracking internal mobility of population affected by crisis in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Lake Chad (Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon), Yemen, Somalia, Ethiopia, Libya, Sudan, and others. This provides another layer of information of internal dynamic of population mobility in countries of origin. Some regional and cross regional analysis are currently ongoing to bring comprehensive insights out of these many layers of information. The DTM's FMS along the routes and in-country DTM implementations have been significant in providing important information that helps uncover the needs of populations moving through the Mediterranean; however, the next step is to ensure this information is turned into action. IOM must do its best to ensure this information not only gets shared timely with the right actors, but that they are able to interpret it correctly to do evidence-based programming to address the identified needs of migrants, from their points of origin and along the routes of their journey.