From Minimum to Maximum: The Impact of Parking Standard Reform onResidential Parking Supply in London from 2004-2010

摘要

This research examined residential parking supply in London before and after theminimum off-street parking standard was replaced by a maximum one in 2004. Based on11,428 residential developments after 2004 and 216 developments before 2000, we foundthat parking supply reduced by approximately 40 percent. 98 percent was caused by theremoval of the minimum standard, and only 2 percent was by the imposition of themaximum standard. However, due to the concern of parking spillover to streets, theurban center tended to relax the maximum standard. The parking market actuallyprovided more parking in areas with the highest density and best transit service than inthe areas immediately outside. Deregulation is able to eliminate excessive parking, butcould be ineffective and inefficient in some submarkets. Complementary policies such asstrict maximum standards, street parking controls, or parking taxes are necessary to forman efficient parking market.