ICE COMPOSITES AS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN PROJECTS OF ICE STRUCTURES

摘要

It is known the application of ice as a building material has some limitations. Ice is a relatively weak material and shows an extreme creep behavior compared to conventional building materials. Mechanical properties of ice are strongly temperature-dependent and anti-melt protection is necessary even in the coldest areas. It has been found that the properties of ice and sea ice can be improved by reinforcement by forming these ice composites. The classification of the various methods of ice reinforcement is presented. In spite of many papers about ice reinforcement ice composites have very limited application. An overview of all existing construction methods, which involve ice structures, is provided in the paper. At present time only three types of ice composite such as pykrete (pykrete is a frozen composite material made of the mix of sawdust or some other form of wood pulp and water or sea water), cryogel ice-soil composite and ice reinforced by geomaterials, have been applied successfully in engineering of structure in the various projects. A brief information about these projects is presented. The description of the projects called the'Pykrete Dome' and the 'Sagrada Familia in Ice' are expanded. The projects have been carried out in Finland in 2014 and 2015. The 'Pykrete Dome' has been the largest ice dome ever constructed in the world and the 'Sagrada Familia in Ice'- the highest pykrete construction.