Throughout the 1920s and '30s, numerous voter-approved bonds were used to fund construction of ports in the western United States. These port facilities are approaching their 100-year service life. Without major retrofitting, these aging structures fail to meet the seismic safety requirements in the current design codes. The owners have a choice to seismically retrofit the facility or build a new one. Retrofits generally have advantages of lower costs and less downtime of the facility during construction. This paper presents a novel approach and innovative engineering solutions in seismic retrofit of the former Port of Oakland's 9th Avenue Terminal, a large wharf, built in the 1930s, at the Brooklyn Basin in Oakland, California. The paper will discuss how the design team integrated site-specific seismic hazard assessment and performance based seismic retrofit design criteria with a nonlinear pushover analysis to meet the required seismic performance requirements in a cost-effective, constructible, and reliable manner.
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