REAL-TIME SIMULATION OF BLEEDING AND SMOKE EFFECTS IN VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENT

摘要

This work presents a method for the generation of realisticbleeding effects in a real-time virtual simulationenvironment. This method is used in, but not limited to,the context of a virtual surgical simulator for laparoscopicsurgery. In the proposed method, we employed a particlebasedapproach where quad-shaped decals with bloodcolored texture are used to simulate individual blooddrops that flow out of an organ due to accidental contactwith surgical tools during surgery. The path of the bloodflow is computed on-the-fly such that it adapts in realtimeto the organ deformation and the effect of gravity.Mechanisms are designed to emulate the behavior inblood emission and blood flow such as squirting at thewound and attrition due to friction. In addition, by usingcustomized shader graphics, we are able to achieve a 3Dcurved-contour visual effect simulating the bumpiness ofeach individual blood droplet that adapts to varyinglighting conditions. Our results indicate that we are ableto achieve good visual realism, adaptive behaviouralperformance and modest computational footprint.