A Comparison of Sodium, Calcium, and Barium Sulfonates for Metalworking Fluid and Rust Preventive Formulations

摘要

Natural sulfonates are used in metalworking fluids as emulsifiers, demulsifiers, and rust preventiveadditives. The sulfonate anions are commonly reacted with cationic components consisting of sodium,calcium, or barium. Depending on the final total base number (TBN), the products are categorized as:neutral, slightly alkaline, or highly over-based. Each of these types of sulfonates has certaincharacteristics which may either be desirable (or undesirable) in formulating of metalworking coolantsand ferrous rust preventives. In this study, a matrix will be set up to characterize which types offormulas optimize these characteristics. Trade-offs made to satisfy environmental concerns withperformance and cost benefits will be considered. Starter formulas will be presented of sodium,calcium, and barium sulfonates (& combinations) into either water soluble or solvent based applications.General characteristics of each category and a summary of results will be presented.