Assessing Terrestrial Wireless Communication and Broadcast Signals as Signals of Opportunity for Positioning and Navigation

摘要

In this paper, we investigate three types of signals ofopportunity (SOOP), namely, digital television (DTV),Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), andCode Division Multiple Access (CDMA 2000) singlecarrier radio transmission technology (1x RTT) fornavigation and positioning. The radio interfaces andsignal standards reveal similarities but also importantdifferences between them, which affect navigation andpositioning performance. To better understand thebenefits and drawbacks for a SOOP-based navigationsystem, we will present performance comparisons bothanalytically based on signal standards and experimentallyusing real data. Analytically, we will compare the channelstructure, chip rate, frame length, coherent integrationtime, spreading power, base station synchronization, andtracking performance, among others. Experimentally, weuse a mobile testbed built from commercial off the shelf(COTS) components to validate our analytical results. Thetestbed consists of a multi-channel software-defined radioand associated software receivers. Results related totracking robustness and stability of these three types ofsignals of opportunity under mobile situations in differentenvironments have demonstrated that a combined solutionof DTV+CDMA is recommended.