Functionalization of biomaterials with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as active components of the organic extracellular matrix appears attractive to enhance osseointegration. Besides type Ⅰ collagen, several GAGs like chondroitin sulphate, heparin sulphate and hyaluronan are thought to play an active role in early bone formation. The degree of sulphatation is believed to influence the biologic performance of GAGs. So far, only few in vivo studies have tested these concepts. We have investigated the incorporation of titanium implants coated with type Ⅰ collagen, chondroitin sulphate and highly sulphated hyaluronan in vivo in a long bone (rat tibia) and alveolar bone (minipig maxilla) model.
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